Process of refining hydrogenized - ats for producing edible fats.



-M. WILBUSQHEWITSCH, PROCESS OF REFINING HYDROGENIZED FATS FOR PRODUCINGEDIBLE FATS.

AYPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29. l9ll.

.8 an m. M m KM m W MW 9 W M D1 7 M. WILBUSCHEWITSC'H.

PROCESS OF REFINING HYDROG ENIZED FATS FOR PRODUCING EDIBLE FATS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29. 1911.

11 77,9 1 1 Patented Apr. '4, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- sA/"INESSES MOSE WILBUSCHEWITSCH, OF NISCHNINOVGOROD,KANAVINO, RUSSIA.

PROCESS OF REFINING HY DROGENIZED "ATS FOR PRODUCING EDIBLE FATS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

Application filed September 29, 1911. Serial No. 651,924.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Mosn WILBUSCHE- wl'rsoi-i, a subject of the RussianEmperor, and resident of Nischninovgorod, Kanavino, Russia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of BefiningHydrogenized Fats for Produclng Edible Fats; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will en able others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

The invention relates to a process of refining hydrogenized fats forproduclng edible fats and consists in saponifying the free acids thereofwhile carefully avoiding any excess of water and removing thevaporizable substances and cooling the substances within vacuum chambersand 1n a carbonic acid atmosphere, whereby the soaps are perfectly splitoff and any further decomposition of the fats is avoided.

In the accompanying drawings suitable apparatus for carrying out theprocess is shown by way of example.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the saponifying apparatus and Fig. 2is a side view partly in section of the vacuum chamber for refining.

In the preferred form my improved process is carried out in thefollowing way: In the process any desired or preferred fat, oil, fishoil, or blubber is used as a raw material, and the said raw material ishydrogenized until it has a fusing point of about 28 to 35 degreescentigrade. After the amount of acid within the fat has been determined,which is preferably done by titration, the fat is supplied to asaponifying receptacle a which at its conical bottom is preferablyprovided with an injection apparatus for the fat or oil and whichconsists essentially of an annular chamber; the inner wall of thechamber being formed of a cylindrical tube open at each end and providedwith conical, helically arranged perforations c which are inclinedupward at an acute angle to the axis of the tube and a funnelshapeddischarge-tube (2 Preferably the fat is forced into the said receptaclefrom an oil conduit c provided with a valve 72* and by means of a pump(1* and a pipe e, or it is directly poured into the receptacle from thetop thereof. Thereupon the said fat is heated to about -l0 degreescentigrade by means of indirect steam supplied to a steam jacket 71.through a valve h and so much of a solution of soda supersaturated at atemperature of 33 degrees centigrade is added through a pipe Z or simplyfrom the top of the receptacle, that about 90 percentage of the free fatacid contained in the oil are neutralized. Thereupon the mixture isthoroughly intermingled, preferably by supplying oil and soda to thepump cl through the cock of a conduit 9" and forcing the same back intothe receptacle a". In this manner the oil and soda are thoroughly mixed.Thereupon an amount of very concentrated caustic soda-lye of 40 1%.,which is preferably in excess over the amount sufficient to neutralizethe remainder of the free acid, the preferable amount of said causticsoda lye having a ratio to the amount of soda previously used equal tothat of the molecular weights of these two substances is added. Theexcess of caustic soda-lye effects very little further decomposition ofthe fats or oils because there is little water present. This soda-lye ismixed with the oil in the same way, and the mixture is heated to about90 Centigrade by means of the steam jacket h The carbonic acid whichescapes during this operation carries the soap which has been formed tothe top of the mixture, from which it is removed by ladling, while thepure oil is deposited on the bottom of the receptacle. The latter iswashed by means of warm water which is supplied through the pipe 0*,while steam is simultaneously supplied to the receptacle from a steamconduit 2"- provided with a valve [0X and through the pipe e \Vashing iscontinued, until the wash water shows a perfectly neutral reaction.Thereupon so much sulfuric acid of 40 B. is added, that the waste watershows an acid reaction, whereupon the acid is washed out in the same wayas the soap. until the wash water again shows an entirelv neutralreaction. The whole treatment is carried out at a temperature of from 90to 100 degrees centigrade. Thereupon the oil alone is withdrawn andsupplied to a vacuum apparatus shown in Fig. This apparatus is anautoclave constructed in the form of a vacuum apparatus provided at itsupper part with a funnel shaped separator bell by means of which any oilthat might be carried along is held back and preferably provided at itsconical bottom with an injection-apparatus of the same construction asthat shown in Fig. 1. Into the said autoclavethe oil is drawn in bysuction to the level of a cock as, whereupon any air that might be leftwithin the apparatus is displaced by means of carbonic acid or any othersuitable gas supplied through a pipe 0* and an outlet opening t, of theinjection-apparatus before described. Next the oil is heated by means ofa steam jacket to about 100 degrees centigrade, in order that whenforcing in superheating steam no water is formed which would again causesplitting of the substances.

N ow from a conduit 11* provided with a cock m and through the pipe 0*and the opening t superheated steam of a temperature of about 150degrees centigrade is admitted. Thereby oil and steam are thoroughlymixed, and the vaporizable parts of the oil, odorous substances and thelike are removed through the vacuum conduit 21*. The oil which iscarried along is held back by the separator bell (1 so that it flowsback into the apparatus. This treatment of the oil is continued from 5to 20 hours, according to the nature of the oil. Thereupon the steamsupply is shut oli' by closing the cock m carbonic acid is againadmitted through the conduit 0*, and the oil is cooled by means of coldwater forced through the steam jacket. The carbonic acid which is notabsorbed by the oil escapes through the pipe u and it flows back intothe conduit 0 through a cooling coil 1, and a cleansing device .9. Fromthe conduit 0 it flows again into the apparatus. By thus treating thefat in an indifferent atmosphere any further decomposition is avoided.

The solution of soda required for saponification and which issupersaturated at a temperature of 33 degrees centigrade is preferablymade by first preparing a soda solution which is saturated at atemperature of 33 degrees, and adding to the said solution so muchpowdered soda as to form a pulpy mass.

The process is also suitable for cleaning ordinary fats and oils. Thesaponifying process and the saponifying receptacle may also be used forsaponifying oils and for making soaps.

I claim:

1. The process herein described of making oils or fats edible, whichconsists in neutralizing the greater amount of the free fatty acids witha concentrated soda solu tion. then adding a quantity of concentratedcaustic soda-lye, of equal alkalinity with the soda solution, washingaway the soaps thus formed, and then distilling off the volatileconstituents in a carbonic-acid atmosphere.

2. In the art of making fats or oils edible, that step in the art whichconsists in treating these fats or oils with a concentrated sodasolution for neutralizing the greater part of the free fatty acids, saidsoda solution having so much powdered soda added thereto as to form apulpy mass, neutralizing the remainder of said free acids, andseparating the pure oil.

3. The process herein described of making oils or fats edible, whichconsists in new tralizing substantially of the free fatty acids with aconcentrated soda solution, then adding a quantity of concentratedcaustic soda-lye of equal alkalinity with the soda solution, washingaway the soaps thus formed, and then distilling 01f the volatileconstituents in a carbonic-acid atmosphere.

4. The process herein described of making oils or fats edible, whichconsists in neutralizing a substantial amount of the fatty acids with aconcentrated soda solution, then adding a quantity of concentratedcaustic soda lye containing an amount of caustic soda bearing aproportion to the amount of soda previously used equal to that of themolecular weights of these two substances, washing away the soaps thusformed, and then distilling off the volatile constituents in a carbonicacid atmosphere.

5. A process of making oils or fats edible, which consists inneutralizing the greater part of the free fatty acids with aconcentrated soda solution. then adding sufiicient concentrated causticlye to form a substantial excess over and above the amount necessary toneutralize the remainder of the free fatty acids, washing away the soapsthus formed, and distilling off the volatile constituents.

6. In the art of making oils or fats edible, those steps in the artwhich consist in treating the said oils or fats with a concentratedsolution of soda to neutralize the greater amount of the free fattyacids. and then treating the said oils or fats with a quantity ofconcentrated caustic soda-lye of equal alkalinity with the sodasolution, so that the remainder of said fatty acids are neutralized, andseparating the pure oil.

7. In the process of rendering oils or fats edible, those steps in theart which consist in neutralizing the greater part of the free fattyacidswith a concentrated soda solu tion, the temperature of said fats oroils being about 40 centigrade. adding a concentrated caustic soda-lyesolution of equal alkalinitv with said soda-solution, and heating themixture to substantially 90 centigrade, so that the remainder of saidacids is neutralized, and separating out the pure oil.

8. In the art of rendering fats or oils edible, those steps in the artwhich consist in treating said fats or o ls with a concentrated sodasolution in sufficient quantity to neutralize the greater amount of thefree fatty acids. then treating the fats or oils with a concentratedsoda-lye solution of equal alkalinity with said soda solution,separating the soaps thus formed from the pure oil, and then addingsufficient acid to completely neutralize the alkalis of said fats oroils, and washing out any excess of acid.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signedmy name in presence of two'subscriblng Witnesses.

MOSE VVILBUSCHEWVITSCH.

Witnesses:

VVOLDEMAR HAUPT, HARRY L. WILSON.

